Economics
1
Economics
1.1
Politcal Economy
1.2
Macroeconomics
1.3
Outdated Marginalism
1.4
Market Primacy
1.4.1
Shocks -All Problems are Exogenous
2
The Economy
2.1
Institutions
2.1.1
Bretton Woods
2.1.2
Post Bretton Woods
3
Duality
4
Economic Rent
4.1
Digital Rent
5
Scarcity
5.1
Forced ‘scarcity’ (sabotage)
5.2
There is no Scarcity
5.3
How There’s More to Economics Than the Science of Scarcity
5.4
The Case against Civilization
6
Crowding Out
6.1
Crowding In
7
Rationing
8
Taxing
8.1
Tax Shifting
8.2
Georgism - Land Value Tax
9
Nudging
9.1
Randomness
10
Discounting
11
Risking
11.1
Uncertainty
11.2
Pooling Risk
12
Assumptions
13
Cooperation
14
Green Growth - Decoupling
14.1
Rebound (Jevons Paradox)
14.2
Artefact?
14.3
The Green Growth Delusion
15
Ergodicity
15.1
Almost surely
15.2
Kelly Criterion
16
Firm and Hierarchy
17
Economic Planning
18
Welfare
19
Austrian
19.1
Where Austrians got it wrong
19.2
Austrian Fascism
19.3
Roundaboutness
20
Behavioural Economics
20.1
Biased Behaviour
21
Corporations
22
Experimental Economics
23
Economic Growth
23.1
Grwoth as a positive feedback cycle
23.2
Undevelopment
23.3
Degrowth
23.4
Growth without Economic Growth
23.5
Ditching Economic Growth
23.6
Growth Waves
24
Institutional
24.1
Veblen
25
Keynesian Economics
26
Macroeconomics
27
Marxist
27.1
Social Monopoly
28
Neo Classical Economics
28.1
General Equilibrium
28.2
Free Market
28.3
Trade Theory
28.4
Human Capital Theory
28.5
Efficiency
28.6
Socialist Alternative to Human Capital Theory
28.7
Production Function
28.8
Keen Critique
29
Neo-liberal Economics
29.1
Washinton Consensus
29.2
Neoliberalism vs Capitalism
30
Physiocrates
31
Productivism
32
Steady State Economics (SSE)
32.1
Herman Daly
33
Spatial Economics
33.1
Urban Economics
33.1.1
Expertise
33.1.2
Trusting Science
33.2
History of Urban Economics
33.2.1
Jane Jacobs
33.3
Regional Economics
34
Biophysical Economics
35
Ecological Economics
35.1
Natural Resources and Energy
35.2
Against Steady-State Economics
36
Econophysics
36.1
Economy as dissipative system
37
Complexity Economics
38
Functional Finance
39
Macro-Finance
39.1
Institutional Supercycles
39.2
Central Banking
39.2.1
ECB - Implosion?
40
Externalities
40.1
Commons
40.1.1
Hardin and Ostrom
40.2
History of Economics’ ‘Externalities’
40.3
Ecosystem Services
40.4
Environmental Degradation
40.4.1
Kuznets and Engel Curves
40.5
Energy and Transport
41
Capital
41.1
Produced Capital
41.1.1
Cambridge Controversy
41.2
Natural Capital
41.3
Human Capital
41.4
Social Capital
42
Money
42.1
Money Creation
42.2
Inflation
42.2.1
FED Policy and Inflation
42.3
Inflation as Restructuring
42.4
Modern Monetary Theory (MMT)
42.5
Milton’s Money
42.6
The Dollar’s Imperial Circle
43
Markets
43.1
Market Failure
43.2
The Rise and Fall of Market Societies
43.3
The Market Institution
43.4
Market Primacy
43.5
Markets as Entropy Maximisers
43.5.1
The social relations of production as constraints
43.6
Competition Bargaining
44
Planning
45
Demand
45.1
Theory
45.2
Human Needs
45.3
Aggregate Demand Function
46
Competition
47
Currencies
47.1
Exchange Rate
47.1.1
Exchange Rate as Randow Walk
47.2
Hegomonic Currency
48
Game Theory
48.1
Nash Equilibrium
48.2
Mean-Field Game Theory (MFG)
48.3
Mechanism Design
48.4
Market Design
49
Inequality
49.1
US and UK are poor countries with rich people within
49.2
Poverty
50
Inflation
50.1
Phillips Curve
50.2
Stagflation
50.3
Inflation - Growth Tradeoff?
50.4
Fiscal Theory of Price Level
50.5
Price Control
50.6
Greedflation
50.7
Structural Reallocation
50.8
Global Inflation
50.9
Interest rate and inflation
50.10
Inflation as Redistribution
50.11
Return of Inflation
50.12
Productivity Failure behind Inflation
51
Innovation
51.1
US vs Scandinavia
52
Debt and Interest
52.1
Unpayable debt in a Stationary Economy
53
Investment
54
Knowledge Economy - Intangibles
55
Phillips Curve
55.1
Unemployment and interest rates
56
Productivity
56.1
Productivity-Pay Gap
56.2
IPR Stagnation
56.3
TFP
57
Economic Regulation
57.1
Climate protection impact on economic growth
58
Savings
59
Wealth
60
Climate Economics
60.1
A Blocking Neoclassical Framework
60.2
Long-term Economic effects of Climate Change
60.3
Carbon Tax
60.3.1
Fee and Dividend
60.4
Finnish Carbon Tax
60.5
Instrument Choice Delays
60.6
SSPs
60.7
Guard Rail Economics
60.8
Tipping Points
60.9
Keynesian Decarbonization
60.10
Discount Rate
60.11
Geoff Man on Nordhaus
60.12
Persistence of Temperature Effects
61
Resource Economics
61.1
Sustainability
61.1.1
VML - Voluntary Market Led Sustainability
61.1.2
‘Sustainable Growth’ - An Oxymoron
61.2
Resource Extraction
61.3
Peak Theory
61.4
Energy Transition
62
Demographics
62.1
China
62.2
Death of Global Development
62.3
Globalization
62.4
Structural Reforms
62.4.1
Structural Transformation in the Global South
62.5
Industrial Policy
62.5.1
Import Substitution
62.5.2
Export-led Growth
62.5.3
Service-led development
62.5.4
FDI Regulation
62.5.5
FDI
62.6
TechFare
62.7
Market-based Development Finance in Crisis
62.8
How Asia Works
62.9
Social Provisioning of Needs
62.10
MFD - Maximizing Finance for Development
62.11
Universal Basic Prosperity
62.12
Micro-Regions
62.13
The New Washington Consensus
62.14
Rostow
63
Economic Measurements
63.1
Our BESDA economy
63.1.1
GDP and EBITDA
63.1.2
A BESDA economy
63.2
GDP
63.2.1
GDP Revisions
63.2.2
GDP Alternatives
63.3
SNA
64
Economic Modelling
64.1
Model-land
64.2
End of Theory
64.3
Jackson-Victor
64.4
Eurogreen Model
64.5
HARMONEY
64.6
Input-Output
64.7
LowGrow SFC
64.8
MEDEAS
65
Agent Based Macro
66
Cost Benefit Analysis
66.1
Discounting
67
Tax
67.1
Corporate Tax
68
Welfare
68.1
The Social Guarantee
68.2
Net Domestic Consumer Surplus
69
World Economy
70
Countries
70.1
Argentina
70.2
China
70.2.1
Housing
70.2.2
Global Integration
70.2.3
Ming, Qing and the Century of Humiliation
70.2.4
Turchin’s Model applied to China
70.3
Ghana
70.4
India
70.5
Italy
70.6
Jamaica
70.7
Norway
70.7.1
Oil and Gas
70.7.2
Emissions
70.8
Peru
70.9
Russia
70.10
Saudi Arabia
70.11
South-Africa
70.12
Turkey
70.13
Ukraine
71
Economics
71.1
Economics is Pseudo-Science
71.2
The Invisible Hand
71.3
Economic Goods and Services
71.4
Economics Discipline
71.5
Second Best Theory
71.6
Economics Empirical Turn
71.7
History of Economics
71.7.1
Blinder’s History 1961-2021
71.8
Weaponizing Economics
71.9
History of Growth Thinking
71.10
Growth Obsession
72
Economists
72.1
Joan Robinson
72.2
Pierro Sraffa
72.3
Diane Coyle
72.3.1
What happened to Cambridge Economics?
72.4
Mario Draghi
72.5
James Galbraith
72.6
John Maynard Keynes
72.7
Paul Romer
72.8
Frederick Soddy
72.9
Dennis Snower
72.10
Adam Smith
72.11
Milton Freeman
72.12
Paul Krugman
72.13
Herman Daly
72.14
Wassily Leontief
72.15
Friedrich Hayek
72.16
William Nordhaus
72.17
Axel Leijonhufved
72.18
Karl Marx
72.19
Amartya Sen
72.20
Ha-Joon Chang
72.21
Friedrich List
72.22
Robert Lucas
73
Economic Sectors
73.1
Housing
73.1.1
Land Tenure Finance
73.2
Ocean (‘Blue’) Economy
73.2.1
Financing the Ocean Economy
73.3
Blue Hegemony
I Appendices
Appendices
A
About
B
Links
C
NEWS
C.1
221220 Market-based development finance in crisis
C.2
210717 Carney calls for stronger Government Regulation
On Github
Economics
46
Competition
“Monopoly produces competition, competition produces monopoly” (Marx).